The Parthian State’s Position on the Spread of Christianity

Abstract

This research centers on the spread of Christianity within the Parthian Empire, beginning with an introductory overview of the Parthians’ origins and the establishment of their kingdom. The study then explores the early emergence of Christianity and the geographical areas into which it expanded, emphasizing that Christian teachings did not contradict the pre-existing laws and religious traditions of the region. As the New Testament states: “Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them.”

The core of the study examines the Parthian state's stance toward Christianity, which was characterized by a notable degree of religious tolerance during the first century CE. The research also discusses the methods by which Christianity spread, and highlights key missionary figures such as Mar Addai, who preached in Mesopotamia, and Thomas the Apostle.

Furthermore, the study shows how these missionaries organized the affairs of early Christian communities, establishing several dioceses across the Parthian territories. The paper concludes by summarizing the most significant findings drawn from this historical inquiry.