Issues of the Revelation of the Qur’anic Text Between the Islamic Perspective and Contemporary Debate: An Analytical Critical Study

Abstract

This research presents an analytical critical study of the issues surrounding the "how the Qur’anic text was revealed," in terms of concept, stages, and interpretation, by tracing traditional and modern Islamic views as well as Western orientalist criticism. The study focused on analyzing the differences between nuzul (descent) and tanzil (revelation), between sudden and gradual revelation, and the metaphysical dimension of revelation versus modern historical and textual approaches. It also discussed the most prominent hypotheses of orientalists in this field, such as the theory of the gradual composition of the text, environmental influences, and the historicity of revelation, while providing rational and textual responses to them. The research concluded that the Islamic perspective possesses a coherent interpretive framework that combines sanctity and gradualness, revelation and reality, contrary to some Western readings.